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Muhammad bin Tughluq
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1. ↑السلطان العادل العبد الراجی رحمت اللہ الواثق بتأييد الرحمن مجاہد فیسبیلالله ابو المجاہد فخرالدنیا والدین محمد بن تغلق شاه السلطان (lit.'The Just Sultan, the Servant Hopeful of the Mercy of Allah, Relying on the Support of the Most Gracious, the Warrior in the Cause of Allah, the Father of the Warrior, Glory of the World and the Faith, Muhammad, Son of Tughluq Shah, the Sultan.')
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed2. ↑The term Khurasan refers to a historical area in Central Asia which included the mentioned regions.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed1. ↑"Muhammad ibn Tughluq | Biography, History, & Policies | Britannica". _www.britannica.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗2. ↑"Billon Ten Gani Coin of Muhammad bin Tughluq of Tughluq Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. | Auction 1037 | Marudhararts". _marudhararts.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗3. ↑"Gold Heavy Dinar Coin of Muhammad bin Tughluq of Hadrat Delhi Mint of Delhi Sultanate. | Auction 1038 | Marudhararts". _marudhararts.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗4. ↑"8 Gani - Muhammad bin Tughluq, Delhi". _en.numista.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗5. ↑"1 Tanka - Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, Delhi". _en.numista.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗6. ↑"Firman of Sultan Muhammad b. Tughlaq Shah". _Dallas Museum of Art_. 1325-10-01. Retrieved 2026-08-15.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗7. ↑"1 Tanka - Fakhr-ud-din bin Muhammad Tughluq, Delhi". _en.numista.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗8. ↑"Forced 1 Tanka -Muhammad III bin Tughluq, Delhi". _en.numista.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗9. ↑Tiwari, Shubha (2007). _Contemporary Indian Dramatists_. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p.75. ISBN978-81-269-0871-4. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗10. ↑Douthwaite, John; Virdis, Daniela Francesca; Zurru, Elisabetta (2017). _The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics_. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p.230. ISBN978-90-272-6460-2. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗11. ↑Douie, James M. (1916). _The Panjab North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir_. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p.171.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗12. ↑Sen, Sailendra (2013). _A Textbook of Medieval Indian History_. Primus Books. pp.91–97. ISBN978-9-38060-734-4.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed13. ↑Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3), London, Trübner & Co
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed14. 1Lane-Poole, Stanley (2007). _Medieval India (Under Mohammadan Rule A.D 712–1764)_. Lahore, Pakistan: Sang-e-Meel Publications. pp.123–126. ISBN978-969-35-2052-1.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed15. ↑Canetti, Elias (1984). _Crowds and Power_. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN0-374-51820-3.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed16. ↑"The story of the Indian Emperor who was called the 'Wisest Fool'". _The Times of India_. 18 February 2024. ISSN0971-8257. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗17. ↑Jamal Malik (2008). _Islam in South Asia: A Short History_. Brill Publishers. p.104. ISBN978-9004168596.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗18. ↑Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Vol. 3), London, Trübner & Co
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed19. ↑A.D. Khan (2021). _A History of the Sadarat in Medieval India_. Vol.I (Pre-Mughal Period). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗20. ↑R. C. Majumdar (1960). "The Delhi Sultanate". Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.61. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗21. 1Chandra, Satish (1997). _Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals_. New Delhi, India: Har-Anand Publications. pp.101–102. ISBN978-8124105221.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed22. ↑"Billon Ten Gani Coin of Muhammad bin Tughluq of Tughluq Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. | Auction 1037 | Marudhararts". _marudhararts.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗23. ↑"Gold Heavy Dinar Coin of Muhammad bin Tughluq of Hadrat Delhi Mint of Delhi Sultanate. | Auction 1038 | Marudhararts". _marudhararts.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗24. ↑"8 Gani - Muhammad bin Tughluq, Delhi". _en.numista.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗25. ↑"1 Tanka - Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, Delhi". _en.numista.com_. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗26. ↑"Firman of Sultan Muhammad b. Tughlaq Shah". _Dallas Museum of Art_. 1325-10-01. Retrieved 2026-08-15.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗27. ↑Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra, Majumdar A.K, Achut Dattatrya Pusalker, Dilip Kumar Ghose, Vishvanath Govind Dighe (1960). _The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate_ (2nd ed.). Bharativa Vidya Bhavan. p.86.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed28. ↑Chandramouli, Anuja (2019). _Muhammad bin Tughlaq: Tale of a Tyrant_. Penguin eBury Press. ISBN978-0143446644.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed29. 1Jackson, Peter (1999). _The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization)_. Cambridge University Press. p.293. ISBN0521404770.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed30. ↑"Biography of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq (1325–1351)". _History Discussion – Discuss Anything About History_. 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗31. ↑Richard Maxwell Eaton (2015). _The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300–1700_. Princeton University Press. p.41. ISBN978-1-4008-6815-5. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗32. ↑A. Rā Kulakarṇī; M. A. Nayeem; Teotonio R. De Souza (1996). _Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi_. Popular Prakashan. p.34. ISBN978-81-7154-579-7.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗33. ↑Gribble (1896). _A History of the Deccan_. Vol.1. Luzac and Company. p.16. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗34. ↑Chandra 2004, p.101.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed35. ↑Qanungo (1960). _Historical Essays_. p.142. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. Sayyid Hassan Kaithali...half a dozen Hasans, each distinguished from the other by an epithet indicative either of domicile or of birth
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗36. ↑P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis (1977). _The Cambridge History of Islam_. Vol.2A. Cambridge University Press. p.15.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗37. ↑O'malley, L. S. S. (2007). _Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers: Monghyr_. Concept Publishing Company. p.33. ISBN978-81-7268-135-7.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗38. ↑Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (2020). _A Comprehensive History of Modern Bengal, 1700-1950_. Asiatic Society. p.40. ISBN978-93-89901-95-5. Under Muhammad Tughluq's reign (r. 1325–51), Chittagong and Tipperah were occupied.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗39. ↑R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960). _The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate_ (2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.70.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗40. ↑R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960). _The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate_ (2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.70.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗41. ↑Suvorova (2000). _Masnavi_. Oxford University Press. p.3. ISBN978-0-19-579148-8. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗42. ↑Husaini (Saiyid.), Abdul Qadir (1960). _Bahman Shāh, the Founder of the Bahmani Kingdom_. Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. pp.59–60. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗43. ↑Jamal Malik (2008). _Islam in South Asia_. BRILL. ISBN978-90-04-16859-6. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. change of capital to Daulatabad (1337) proved to be the most important vehicle by which North Indian Muslim ideas and institutions crossed the Narmada. The status of being a tributary to the Sultanate was deeply resented by the local Muslims, culminating in the revolt by Deccani nobles led by Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah in 1347, eventually establishing an independent kingdom called the Bahmani kingdom
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗44. ↑Verma, D. C. _History of Bijapur_ (New Delhi: Kumar Brothers, 1974) p. 1
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed45. ↑Chandra 2004, p.104.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed46. ↑Chandra 2004, p.105.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed47. ↑Bite, Vishwanath (1 April 2010), _The Criterion: An International Journal in English_, The Criterion, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.10448030, retrieved 29 May 2026
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗48. ↑Kaur, Jasbir (5 December 2018). "The failure of Mohammad Bin Tughlaq due to his Foolishness". _International Journal of Applied Social Science_. **6-A** (1): 28–29.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗49. ↑, p.383.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed50. ↑Sewell, Robert. _A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar)_. Swan Sonnenschen & Co. pp.12–15.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed51. ↑Peter Jackson (2003). _The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History_. Cambridge University Press. p.288. ISBN9780521543293.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗52. ↑Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). _Historical Dictionary of Medieval India_. Scarecrow Press. p.101. ISBN9780810864016. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2022. Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325–1351) is mentioned in Jain texts as showing favour to Jain scholars
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗53. ↑Chandra 2004, p.98.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed54. ↑Chandra 2004, p.99.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed55. ↑"Tughlaq: A historical play". _The Times of India_. 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗56. ↑Ramanujam, Srinivasa (7 December 2016). "A different brand of wit". _The Hindu_. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗57. 1Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (2014). _Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema_. Taylor & Francis. p.1994. ISBN978-1-135-94325-7. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗58. ↑Ramnarayan, Gowri (7 June 2004). "Cho, what's up?". _Interview_. Kasturi and Sons Ltd for The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 April 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗59. ↑"सरकार के छुट्टी रद्द करने के फैसले को अध्यापकों ने बताया गलत". _Dainik Bhaskar_ (in Hindi). 1 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗60. ↑"Tughlaq has taught me not to judge people harshly for the choices they have made: Anuja Chandramouli". _The Financial Express_. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗* Blair, Sheila (2008). _Islamic Calligraphy_. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN978-0748612123.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed* Chandra, Satish (2004). _Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One_. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN9788124110645.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed* Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). _A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century_. Pearson Education India. ISBN9788131732021.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed
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