THE EVIDENCE BEHIND THE MAP

History, with
its footnotes.

A place can have a clear location and an uncertain history. This atlas keeps those things separate.

Coverage and open research

This edition contains 146 sites and 177 selected events across six countries. The scope includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives. The Maldives has no mapped dossier yet. The research inventory lists all captured article bibliographies and unresolved discovery leads. The bulk source catalogue adds archaeological inventories, historical compilations and damage assessments; its entries are source records, not additional verified destroyed temples.

Hindu and Jain temples, Sikh gurdwaras and seats of authority, and Buddhist shrines and monastic complexes are included. Ruins alone do not establish intentional destruction. Rebuilt sites belong here too: the map records historical events, not only buildings that remain broken.

These dossiers were compiled with AI-assisted source research and consistency checks on 28 September 2026. They have not received independent specialist or on-site review. A selected chronology does not claim to list every attack, restoration or change of use.

What the evidence labels mean

Supported in consulted sources: The sources directly consulted support the stated claim. This is not a guarantee that every historical question is settled.
Attributed: An account assigns responsibility, but its underlying evidence or interpretation needs further checking.
Disputed: Substantive differences remain between accounts. The dossier shows the disagreement.
Unknown: The consulted evidence does not establish this fact. No date or actor is invented to fill the gap.

The card’s evidence badge describes actor attribution. Individual date, event and condition claims have their own assessments on the full story page. A named army or official is not a stand-in for a whole community.

Follow the references

Research starts broadly: archaeology, inscriptions, chronicles, specialist scholarship, institutional and religious histories, journalism, and local-language leads. Wikipedia’s notes and bibliographies are explicitly followed to underlying works. An unavailable book is recorded as a lead, never represented as read.

For example, the Munneswaram article led to A. Veluppillai’s scholarly text, and Prahladpuri’s references led to an archived Pakistani archaeological inventory and a reported local account. For Martand, a chronicle bibliography and competing explanations remain visible. Several sources repeating the same account do not automatically constitute independent corroboration.

This edition is mainly based on accessible English-language sources. Regional-language publications and original chronicle editions remain important gaps. Bibliographic leads below are separated from material directly consulted; the project does not claim exhaustive research of every source.

Dates, counts and present condition

Year filters match damage events whose possible date ranges overlap the selection. Undated events can be included or excluded. An approximate range is not proof of an event in each year of that range. Counts refer to sites in this dataset, never a total of all destroyed places.

“Last documented condition” is tied to a source date or access date, not a fresh site visit. Historical attribution, later rebuilding and present ownership are separate subjects. No claim about a current legal dispute follows from a map marker.

Modern borders, with provenance

The map uses self-hosted Natural Earth 1:50 million geography. It follows the dataset’s generalized de facto boundary convention. Disputed boundaries or control lines are dashed; country labels and administrative descriptions do not settle sovereignty. The map is regional and unsuitable for navigation or property boundaries.

Data retrieved 2026-09-28; upstream revision ca96624a56bd. Coordinates are rounded and attributes reduced for delivery. No third-party map tiles, tracking or API keys are required. Natural Earth is public domain; Leaflet is distributed under its BSD licence. No historical photographs are reproduced in this edition.

Suggest a correction

Send the project maintainer the site-page URL, the claim you are questioning, and a source with page number, archive link or other precise reference. Please distinguish an incorrect fact from an alternative interpretation. There is no public submission form or live comment feed in this edition.

Email a source or correction ↗

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Source register

249 records, including reference trails and further-reading leads. These are not all independent confirmations.

Shree Somnath Jyotirlinga Temple ↗ · Gujarat Tourism Text consulted
Official visitor history; later campaign dates differ from some reference works. Casualty estimates and legendary origins are not adopted.
Independent discovery
Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History ↗Romila Thapar · Penguin Bibliographic / limited-access lead
Publisher description consulted, not the full book; a further-reading lead, not direct evidence for event details.
Somnath Wikipedia bibliography
The temple that Aurangzeb razed: Evidence from history ↗Arjun Sengupta · The Indian Express · 2024-01-27Text consulted
Quotes the Maasir-i-Alamgiri translation and several historians. The original chronicle was not independently collated.
Kashi Vishwanath Wikipedia reference trail
Temples of importance ↗ · District Varanasi Text consulted
Used for identification and modern temple context, not as evidence for every historical episode.
Independent discovery
Martand temple: history and controversies explained ↗Yashee · The Indian Express · 2022-09-03Text consulted
Reports competing explanations and interviews an architectural researcher. This is a secondary account of the chronicles.
Independent discovery
Kingship in Kaśmīr (AD 1148–1459) ↗Walter Slaje · Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg · 2014Bibliographic / limited-access lead
Bibliographic landing page inspected; cited passages not read in this edition.
Martand Wikipedia references
Baharistan-i-shahi: A chronicle of mediaeval Kashmir ↗Kashinath Pandit (translator) · Firma KLM · 1991Bibliographic / limited-access lead
Archive record located; full translation not consulted. Later chronicle, not an eyewitness statement verified here.
Martand Wikipedia references
Address to the Indian community and friends of India in Dhaka ↗Ram Nath Kovind · President of India / PIB · 2021-12-17Text consulted
Page 1 confirms the inauguration and attributes wartime demolition to Pakistani forces.
Independent discovery
The Ramna Kali temple, Dhaka landmark rebuilt from the ruins ↗Mehr Gill, Adrija Roychowdhury · The Indian Express · 2021-12-18Text consulted
Secondary account of destruction and reconstruction.
Ramna Wikipedia reference trail and independent search
Trincomalee Fort ↗ · Central Cultural Fund, Sri Lanka Text consulted
Portuguese-era section describes temple destruction and reuse of stone in the fort. Does not establish every frequently repeated day-level detail.
Independent discovery
Koneswaram Temple ↗ · Sri Lanka Tourism Text consulted
Places destruction in 1622–1624 and describes the later temple; used instead of asserting a precise day.
Independent discovery
Munnicuvaram Kovil: Its History, Ceremonies and Layout ↗A. Veluppillai · Kataragama.org; scholarly article reproduction Text consulted
Article text consulted directly; historical section and consecration chronology. Bibliographic edition identified by Wikipedia as 1995, pp. 68–71.
Munneswaram Wikipedia reference: Velupillai 1995
Sri Munneswaram Devasthanam ↗ · Sri Munneswaram Devasthanam Text consulted
Official temple site consulted for present worship and location context.
Independent discovery
The Domain of Constant Excess: Plural Worship at the Munnesvaram Temples in Sri Lanka ↗Rohan Bastin · Berghahn Books · 2002Bibliographic / limited-access lead
Bibliographic preview consulted only; cited historical pages remain to be checked.
Munneswaram Wikipedia bibliography
Historical Monuments of Multan: Temple of Prahladpuri ↗ · Department of Archaeology & Museums, Pakistan Text consulted
Archived inventory consulted directly. Historical Notes, Main Features and Present Condition. Contains internal date/typographic problems; older origin stories are not adopted.
Prahladpuri Wikipedia reference 2
Holi’s home ↗Haroon Khalid · The Friday Times · 2011-04-15Text consulted
Feature includes an interview and an account of the 1992 mob attack.
Prahladpuri Wikipedia reference 4
Story of the Jain Mandir ↗Muhammad Asif Nawaz · Youlin Magazine · 2022-07-20Text consulted
Describes damage, surviving dome, controversy over metro works and reopening. Exact extent of 2016 demolition differs from earlier reporting.
Lahore Jain temple Wikipedia reference 4
Jain Mandir also demolished for Orange Train ↗Ali Raza · The News International · 2016-03-02Text consulted
Contemporaneous report attributes clearance to Lahore Development Authority. Its total-demolition wording conflicts with later accounts of surviving fabric.
Independent discovery
Somnath — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Kashi Vishwanath — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Martand Sun Temple — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Ramna Kali Mandir — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Koneswaram — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Munneswaram — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Prahladpuri — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Jain Mandir, Lahore — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
The City — Amritsar ↗ · Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee Text consulted
Institutional account of Akal Takht damage and rebuilding; an affected institution’s perspective, not a neutral account of every aspect of the conflict.
Independent discovery
Sikh youths demolish part of Golden Temple restored by government ↗ · United Press International · 1986-01-27Bibliographic / limited-access lead
Reference identified, but direct access blocked by Cloudflare. Consulted through the Akal Takht reference article; not independently read.
Independent discovery
Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar ↗ · UNESCO World Heritage Centre Text consulted
Description and outstanding universal value establish monastic/shrine remains and place sack and abandonment in the thirteenth century. They do not identify an attacker.
Independent discovery
Akal Takht Sahib — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Nalanda Mahavihara — reference and coordinate trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article, coordinates and relevant bibliography inspected through web access. Reference trail, not an independent archaeological survey. No article prose reproduced.
Independent discovery
Group of Monuments at Hampi ↗ · UNESCO World Heritage Centre Text consulted
Official statement supports city-wide destruction in 1565; it does not independently date every individual broken sculpture.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sun Temple, Konârak ↗ · UNESCO World Heritage Centre Text consulted
Official description establishes surviving temple fabric and losses, not a specific perpetrator.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam ↗ · Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO Text consulted
Tentative-list submission consulted for surviving architecture and living temple context; not an independent source for every medieval raid.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur ↗ · UNESCO World Heritage Centre Text consulted
Official description and conservation context; does not establish every proposed cause of historical decline.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Pakistan: restaurato il Buddha di Jahanabad ↗ · Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Text consulted
Italian institutional report, 28 June 2012: consolidation of the area damaged by Taliban in 2007; another restoration phase was still planned.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kelaniya through ages ↗ · Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya Text consulted
Temple institutional history retrieved in search text. Its date 1510 requires comparison with longer histories; no exact date independently established.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Introduction: Govindadeva history and documentation ↗ · Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts Bibliographic / limited-access lead
Indexed passage consulted; it disputes an Aurangzeb destruction order while acknowledging sanctuary dismantling and defaced figures. Full PDF access failed, so used only as a competing-account lead.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Krishna Janmasthan / Keshav Rai temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Meenakshi–Sundareswarar Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Hoysaleswara Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Rudra Mahalaya — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Konark Sun Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jagannath Temple, Puri — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kamakhya Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Temple remains in the Qutb complex — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Temple fabric at Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Swayambhu Shiva temple remains, Warangal — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Hampi sacred complexes — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Elephanta Caves — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sringeri Sharada Peetham — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Avantiswami Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sharada Peeth — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Pandrethan Shiva temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kiradu temple group — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Rajgadhi Timbo Jain temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Shatrunjaya / Palitana temples — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Taranga Ajitanatha temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bhadreshwar Jain temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Saptakoteshwar temple tradition — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Shantadurga temple tradition — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Dhakeshwari Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kantajew Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Shri Paramhans samadhi and Krishna Dwara — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Thiruketheeswaram — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nallur Kandaswamy temple tradition — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Naguleswaram — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Tenavaram temple complex — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
1998 Temple of the Tooth attack — reference trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Incident article consulted; all underlying references inventoried separately.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Odantapuri Mahavihara — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Somapura Mahavihara — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sarnath Buddhist complex — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Mahabodhi Temple complex — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bodh Gaya bombings — reference trail ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Incident account explicitly distinguishes damage to newer structures from the undamaged main temple and Bodhi Tree.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Dharmarajika stupa, Taxila — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Harmandir Sahib / Golden Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Mahavira Jain temple, Osian — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kasthamandap — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Boudhanath stupa — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Swayambhunath complex — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Paro Taktsang — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Vikramashila — Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ↗ · Getty Research Institute Text consulted
Geographical record consulted for the approximate location of the abandoned monastic complex.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Vikramashila Mahavihara — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Manglawar stupa / Jahanabad rock carving — location record ↗ · Wikimedia Commons contributors Text consulted
Object-location metadata consulted; approximate locality, not a survey. No photograph reproduced.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jahanabad seated Buddha — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bhong — locality reference ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Town coordinates only; they are not the temple’s exact parcel.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ganesh temple, Bhong — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
A Temple of Good Fortune: Chintamani ↗ · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science Text consulted
Monika Sharma, 2016, pp. 7–10. Pages 8–9 discuss conversion, damage to sculpture, travellers’ accounts and Shah Jahan’s restitution order.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Saraspur, Gujarat — locality coordinates ↗ · LatLong.net Text consulted
Neighbourhood coordinates only, not a located historical temple footprint.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Chintamani Parshvanath, Saraspur — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ramu — locality record ↗ · Orti / GeoNames Text consulted
Town location derived from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0); not a surveyed monastery footprint.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ramu smarts from communal scars ↗ · bdnews24.com Text consulted
15 August 2013. Reporting on damaged monasteries and rebuilding, including a representative of Kendrio Sima Bihar.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ramu Kendriyo Sima Bihar — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Gurdwara Sri Tham Sahib Kartarpur ↗ · Discover Sikhism Text consulted
Religious-history account consulted for the 1757 burning and later rebuilding. Embedded map identifies the locality at approximately 31.4439 N, 75.4988 E. This is Kartarpur near Jalandhar, not Kartarpur in Pakistan.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
The Rikabganj agitation — historical study excerpt ↗ · Scroll.in Text consulted
Harjot Oberoi, historical study excerpt published 2020. Identifies Public Works Department, May 1913 demolition and 1920 reconstruction. Compare the common 1914 date.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Sikh bodies seek probe ↗ · The Indian Express Text consulted
2011 report describing ruined houses and gurdwara in Hondh and requests for investigation. This is not a court determination of each perpetrator.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
India: Bring Charges for Newly Discovered Massacre of Sikhs ↗ · Human Rights Watch Text consulted
25 April 2011: dated context for the 2 November 1984 attack on Hondh-Chillar. Gurdwara-specific damage is sourced separately.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Ghotki riots: Police nominate 200 persons in three separate FIRs ↗ · The Express Tribune Text consulted
17 September 2019. Police statements identify the Sacho Satram Das temple. Suspects being named in an FIR is not a conviction.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Larkana riots: Normal services resume as investigations raise questions ↗ · The Express Tribune Text consulted
18 March 2014. Reports the attack on a temple and dharamshala near Royal Chowk; initiating allegations remained unconfirmed.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
215 sued, 57 held over killing and vandalism at Noakhali temples ↗ · The Daily Star Text consulted
17 October 2021: temple principal and police account of the Chowmuhani ISKCON attack. Describes allegations in an investigation, not adjudicated individual guilt.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Local admin finds 17 temples, 52 houses damaged ↗ · New Age Text consulted
5 November 2016, Mohiuddin Alamgir. Names Gouro and Jagannath mandirs and seven family temples. Retained as a location-verification priority; not all names become map points.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Shri Mahalasa: historical narrative ↗ · Shrikant Shenoy / Mahalasa history mirror Text consulted
Religious-history narrative transcribing passages attributed to Portuguese correspondence of 1567. The original correspondence has not been independently inspected.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Surge of devotion reverberates the North ↗ · Sunday Observer Text consulted
1 September 2013: interview at Maviddapuram records 1990s damage and government help to renovate. Does not identify the perpetrator of each damaged element.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Kangra Pilgrimage ↗ · District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh Text consulted
Brijeshwari section records the 1905 earthquake and rebuilding. Mythological origin traditions are not used as historical evidence.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Tyengboche Monastery ↗ · PBS / NOVA Text consulted
Liesl Clark. Describes an earthquake (dated 1933 here, versus 1934 in other accounts), the 1989 fire and reconstruction.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Earthquake Response Campaign ↗ · Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust Text consulted
Conservation organization project register: Harishankara, Charnarayana and Krishna temple work; use completed dates, not planned future completions.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Char Narayan Temple — reconstruction project ↗ · World Monuments Fund Text consulted
Project report establishes 2015 collapse and reconstruction; completion ceremony in January 2020 is distinct from construction completion in 2019.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site: Updated Report, 1 February 2017 ↗ · Department of Archaeology, Government of Nepal Text consulted
Full 36-page report consulted. Individual monument-zone sections distinguish full collapse from structural damage. Page-specific passages are noted in case caveats.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Vatsala Durga Temple after the earthquake of 2015 ↗ · Bhaktapur.com Text consulted
Local heritage description and FAQ: collapse and municipal reconstruction. Refers to the stone Vatsala Durga, not every Vatsala shrine.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Reconstruction of prominent temple inside Kathmandu Durbar Square finally begins ↗ · The Kathmandu Post Text consulted
29 October 2018: Maju Dega earthquake losses and the start of rebuilding; does not establish a completion date.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
UNESCO withdraws from restoration of Jagannath and Gopinath temples ↗ · UNESCO Text consulted
9 July 2019: confirms damage to both identified temples in 2015. Withdrawal from a project is not destruction of a temple.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Restoration of the Radha Krishna Temple in Kathmandu ↗ · UNESCO Text consulted
21 October 2020: Teku temple wall collapse, timber damage, stabilization and rebuilding. Not the similarly named temple in Swotha.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Rise of the Mangalbahudwar Stupa from the rubble of 2015 earthquake ↗ · UNESCO Text consulted
9 September 2019. Specific damaged component within the already mapped Swayambhu complex; used to enrich its chronology without adding a duplicate site.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Nagarparkar Cultural Landscape: tentative-list submission ↗ · Government of Pakistan / UNESCO World Heritage Centre Text consulted
Submission describes temple remains and environmental/economic decline. It does not identify a destroyer for every ruined building.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Babur, Akbar, and the Transformation of Gwalior’s Rock-Hewn Tirthankaras ↗ · Duke University Press Bibliographic / limited-access lead
2023, Archives of Asian Art 73(2). Publisher abstract/metadata located; full article not consulted. Follow-up lead, not direct claim evidence.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
After protests, govt orders restoration of removed Jain idols in Pavagadh ↗ · The Indian Express Text consulted
17 June 2024. Reports competing accounts of removal during staircase work. Do not present removal as total temple demolition or resolve disputed responsibility.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Hondh-Chillar massacre — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
2019 Ghotki riots — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ghotki — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
2014 Larkana temple attack — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Larkana — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
2021 Bangladesh communal violence — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Chowmuhani — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Mahalasa Narayani Temple, Mardol — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nainativu Nagapooshani Amman Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nagadeepa Purana Vihara — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Masrur Temples — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Baijnath Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bateshwar Hindu temples, Madhya Pradesh — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kakanmath — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Harshat Mata Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Tengboche Monastery — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Maju Dega — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bhaktapur Durbar Square — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Patan Durbar Square — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Krishna Mandir, Patan — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kathmandu Durbar Square — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Changu Narayan Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Babur, Akbar, and the Transformation of Gwalior’s Rock-Hewn Tirthankaras — abstract ↗ · Duke University Press Text consulted
Ross Lee Bernhaut, 2023, public abstract only. Dates Babur’s Urvai visit and destruction order to 1528. Full article remains unconsulted.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Siddhachal Caves — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Gopachal rock-cut Jain monuments — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jain temples, Pavagadh — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Gori Temple, Nagarparkar — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nagarparkar Jain temples — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bajreshwari Mata Temple, Kangra — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Fire destroys historic Bhutan site ↗ · CNN Text consulted
26 June 2012: reports the fire at the fortress-monastery on Sunday, 24 June. A short circuit was suspected; the cause was still under investigation.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Wangdue Phodrang Dzong — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Rato Machhindranath Temple suffers complete devastation ↗ · The Kathmandu Post Text consulted
1 May 2015 report identifies the collapsed Rato Machhindranath and adjacent Bhairabnath temples in Bungamati. This dossier concerns the former.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Bunga Dyah — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
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Bungamati — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted. Underlying works are separately inventoried; this source is not independent corroboration.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sri Sacchidananda Bharati III (1770–1814) ↗ · Sringeri Sharada Peetham Text consulted
Institutional biography: Third Mysore War paragraph attributes plunder to forces under a Patwardhan in Parashuram Bhau’s campaign and describes Tipu’s assistance. Original letters are not reproduced as independently inspected documents.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Mob attacks, sets ablaze Hindu temple in northwestern Pakistan ↗ · Reuters Text consulted
Jibran Ahmad and Umar Farooq, 30 December 2020. Official statements and video evidence describe wall demolition and arson.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Pakistan sends troops after mob attacked Hindu temple ↗ · Associated Press Text consulted
5 August 2021. Reports the previous day’s attack, damaged images and burned main door.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Temple attacked in Pakistan returned to Hindus after repairs ↗ · Associated Press Text consulted
9 August 2021. Government official reports handover on Monday, 9 August; this corrects the previous 10 August reference-account date.
Expansion review: original institution/report or Wikipedia reference trail
Centrally protected monuments: state and circle register ↗ · Archaeological Survey of India Text consulted
Official register consulted for the specifically named remains/ruins. Protected status alone is not damage evidence; unknown dates and causes remain unknown.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kathmandu Valley joint monitoring mission: Annex 8 damage inventory ↗ · Nepal Department of Archaeology / UNESCO, ICOMOS and ICCROM Text consulted
Original PDF, pages 82–84: assessment updated 30 July 2015. Cross-checked PDF text layer corrects misaligned scraped rows. Records historical damage, not the present condition.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Temple desecration in pre-modern India ↗ · Richard M. Eaton / Frontline Text consulted
22 December 2000. Article narrative and 80-entry table consulted directly. The table contains selected episodes, often at locality scale. Underlying chronicles are not thereby independently read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states ↗ · Richard M. Eaton / Frontline Text consulted
5 January 2001, second part: specific narrative on Varaha at Pushkar and other episodes. Source interpretation remains attributable to the scholar.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Report of a Tour in the Central Provinces in 1873–74 and 1874–75, ASI volume IX ↗ · Alexander Cunningham / Archaeological Survey of India Text consulted
Published 1879. Original public-domain OCR consulted, section Tigowa, printed pp. 41–42. Reports contractor dismantling, a local petition and official intervention. OCR errors remain; no personal identity inferred for the unnamed Tigawa contractor.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Report of Tours in Bundelkhand and Malwa, ASI volume X ↗ · Alexander Cunningham / Archaeological Survey of India Text consulted
Published 1880. Original public-domain OCR consulted, Eran section, printed pp. 83–86: fallen Varaha and Vishnu temple walls, lost roofs and surviving sculpture. Does not establish the cause/date of each collapse.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bhaktapur’s famed Nyatapola receives post-earthquake facelift ↗ · The Kathmandu Post Text consulted
15 January 2020: interviews about earthquake damage and planned repairs to tilted upper floors. Plans are not evidence of completed rebuilding.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ahobilam — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Pushkar — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Parihaspore — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Tigawa — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Eran — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Da Parbatia — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Adurru — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bhattiprolu — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Danavulapadu Jain temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ghantasala, Krishna district — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jaggayyapeta — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Salihundam — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Sujata Stupa — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Malhar, Chhattisgarh — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kumbheshwar Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Taleju Temple, Kathmandu — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Shiva Parvati Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nyatapola Temple — article and references ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Reference article consulted for identity/location. Underlying works are separate sources; bibliographic capture is not consultation.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Malabar, volume II: Appendix XXI, descriptive notices of taluks ↗William Logan and contributing district officers · William Logan and contributing district officers · 1887Text consulted
Original edition OCR read at Taliparamba, Ponmeri and Trikkavu entries. A colonial district compilation written about a century after the campaigns, drawing on local accounts and earlier records; not eyewitness testimony of the attacks. Preserve its explicit reported-account wording. Later websites citing Logan are not independent witnesses. Page OCR is unreliable: entry headings are the locators.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
A Journey from Madras through Mysore, Canara and Malabar, volume II ↗Francis Buchanan · Francis Buchanan · 1807Text consulted
Public-domain original OCR consulted: printed pp. 96, 251, 332 and 352. Observations from the 1800 journey, made under East India Company patronage after the conquest. Buchanan observed places and recorded accounts of earlier events; he did not witness these attacks. His descriptions contain openly hostile judgments of Tipu and Hindu worship, which are not adopted as established motives. His p. 251 also says a reported general demolition order was not enforced.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
History of the Reign of Tipu Sultan, chapter XI ↗Mir Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani; translated by William Miles · Mir Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani; translated by William Miles · 1864Text consulted
Printed pp. 140–142 read in the public-domain English translation of a near-contemporary Persian court history. The account combines a childhood prophecy with a claimed consensual purchase, image removal and demolition. The Persian manuscript has not been collated with Miles’s translation, and consent has not been independently established. Modern Hanuman identification is not the bull-image description in this passage.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Census of India 1981: District Census Handbook, Cannanore ↗Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala · Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala · 1981 census seriesText consulted
Full PDF text retrieved with Firecrawl. Places of interest: Taliparamba and Tellicherry, including printed p. 24. Official retrospective descriptions attribute damage to Tipu; this is not contemporary documentation or proof of independence from older gazetteers. An initial direct PDF download failed TLS verification; the successful full-text retrieval is recorded separately.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Thiruvangad Sree Ramaswamy Temple: Thalassery Heritage Project ↗Kerala Tourism · Kerala Tourism · undatedText consulted
Government heritage page read directly. Describes partial damage by Tipu’s forces but places it vaguely in the mid-eighteenth century. That wording does not securely date a Tipu campaign and is not silently converted into a precise year. No underlying archival citation is supplied.
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Heaven on Earth: Guruvayur history, published page extract ↗Sahapedia (host; extract authorship not established) · Sahapedia (host; extract authorship not established) · undated extractText consulted
The supplied PDF extract was read in full; it is not the complete book. It describes plunder, destruction of subsidiary shrines and fire, alongside a miraculous rain/voice narrative. Its footnote 27 and preceding chronological context are absent from this extract. Do not claim to have verified the underlying source or treat the miracle as historical evidence.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Coorg Memoirs: An Account of Coorg and of the Coorg Mission ↗Hermann Moegling · Hermann Moegling · 1855Text consulted
Original OCR read at printed pp. 97–103. A missionary-era retrospective history, sympathetic to the Coorg ruler; not an eyewitness record of the battles. Page 98 concerns Padinalkanadu and Payavur. Page 102 attributes Bhagamandala roof damage to Viraraja’s cannon fire. This does not support Wikipedia’s use of p. 98 for a Tipu burning of Bhagamandala.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Annual reports of the Archaeological Survey of Mysore, collected 1910–1912 volume ↗Mysore Archaeological Department / R. Narasimhachar · Mysore Archaeological Department / R. Narasimhachar · 1910–1912 collected reportsText consulted
Original collected-volume OCR read at the Mysore temples paragraph on Varahasvami: demolition at Seringapatam attributed to Tippu, image reinstalled at Mysore in 1809. The account does not identify a dated demolition order. The particular Harihar p. 22 document cited by later authors was not located in this OCR and is not claimed as directly checked.
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Tipu Sultan in History: Revisionism Revised ↗Narasingha P. Sil · Narasingha P. Sil · 2013Text consulted
Full scholarly article read, especially the religious-policy discussion and references. Names Harihar, Varahasvami and Odakaraya, citing Kate Brittlebank (1997), pp. 125–126, and Logan. Strongly interpretive secondary treatment, not a new site survey. Brittlebank’s book pages were not directly accessed; its thesis catalogue did not supply a public file. Do not count this citation chain as several independent attestations.
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Nailing a Lie: Tipu Sultan and the demolition of the Hariharesvara Temple ↗Nidhin Olikara / The Seringapatam Times · Nidhin Olikara / The Seringapatam Times · 2014-02-05Text consulted
Research blog read directly. Quotes the 1912 Mysore report’s reference to an old record shown by a village accountant, and a later temple booklet attributing an attack to Bijapur forces. The author argues against Tipu attribution. The quoted manuscript and booklet were not independently inspected; neither the blog’s title nor the omission in the booklet conclusively resolves responsibility.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ponmeri Shiva Temple: Wikidata coordinate statement Q20581904 ↗Wikidata contributors · Wikidata contributors · accessed 2026-09-28Text consulted
Entity JSON read: P625 gives 11.6305897, 75.622834. Used only as an approximate locality coordinate, not a surveyed historic footprint or evidence of destruction. Getty TGN 8723109 returned a different Ponmeri at 10, 76.5 and was rejected for this temple near Badagara.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Rajarajeshwara Temple, Taliparamba — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Thrikkavu Durga Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ponmeri Shiva Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Thiruvangad Sree Ramaswamy Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Guruvayur Sri Krishna Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Historical Jain temple at Periyapatna — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Perur Pateeswarar Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Hemambika / Emoor Bhagavathy Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Earlier temple at the Masjid-i-Ala site — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Bhagandeshwara Temple, Bhagamandala — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
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Harihareshwara Temple, Harihar — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
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Al-Biruni, India, Sachau translation, volume I ↗ · Al-Biruni Text consulted
Chapter XI, pp. 116–117 read. Attributes the broken Multan image and killing of priests to Jalam. Written after the events, not an eyewitness report of the attack; translator spelling varies.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Derryl N. Maclean, Religion and Society in Arab Sind (1989) ↗ · Derryl N. Maclean Text consulted
Printed pp. 134–137 and relevant bibliography entries read. Compares the Fatimid letter with later geographical accounts. Questions whether the letter concerns the Sun Temple and proposes a possible Ghaznavid destruction. A historical argument, not a securely established replacement date.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Alexander Cunningham, ASI Report, volume V (1875) ↗ · Alexander Cunningham Text consulted
Multan discussion, especially printed p. 119, read. Records local tradition blaming Aurangzeb; Cunningham visited in 1853, long after the alleged destruction. His location is a conjecture based on gate/drain names.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jean de Thévenot, Travels (1687 English edition), part III ↗ · Jean de Thévenot Text consulted
Chapter XXXII, printed pp. 55–56, read. Describes an important Multan shrine but says he does not know the deity’s name. Identification as the reconstructed Sun Temple is an inference. This passage alone does not establish that he personally visited it.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Firuz Shah, Futuhat-i Firuz Shahi, Elliot & Dowson III ↗ · Firuz Shah Text consulted
Printed pp. 380–381, sections 11–13, read. Maluh temples demolished; Salihpur temple demolition ordered; Kohana worship objects and books burned. Do not turn the last statement into a demonstrated demolition of the building. Self-justifying court narrative; Persian original not collated.
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Shams-i Siraj Afif, Tarikh-i Firuz Shahi, Elliot & Dowson III ↗ · Shams-i Siraj Afif Text consulted
Printed p. 314, Jajnagar episode, read. Reports removal of a stone Jagannath image from the ruler’s fort. Eaton identifies the episode with Puri. The passage is not a surveyed account of destruction of the whole present temple.
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Amir Khusrau, Khazain al-Futuh, Elliot & Dowson III ↗ · Amir Khusrau Text consulted
Printed pp. 90–91 read. Brahmastpuri raid and Madurai temple burning. Court rhetoric describes sweeping destruction; exact lost fabric needs archaeological comparison. The name Chidambaram comes through later identification.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jahangir, Tuzuk-i Jahangiri, Rogers / Beveridge, volume I (1909) ↗ · Jahangir Text consulted
Printed pp. 254–255 read. Records an order to break the Varaha image at Pushkar and a separate hilltop shrine. This does not mean the whole Varaha temple was razed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Babur, Babur-nama, A. S. Beveridge translation, volume II ↗ · Babur Text consulted
Printed pp. 611–612, Urwa narrative, read. Records an order to destroy the Jain images at Urwa during the 1528 journey. The order alone does not identify every damaged Gwalior sculpture or establish execution of every intended destruction.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Abd al-Hamid Lahori, Badshahnama, Elliot & Dowson VII ↗ · Abd al-Hamid Lahori Text consulted
Printed p. 36 read. Reports demolition of 76 unfinished temples in the Benares district under Shah Jahan. The inspected paragraph does not name the 76 buildings; it remains one aggregate lead.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Saqi Mustad Khan, Maasir-i Alamgiri, Jadunath Sarkar translation (1947) ↗ · Saqi Mustad Khan Text consulted
Selected entries: Kashi, Mathura, Khandela/Sanula, Udaipur and Chitor; pp. 55, 60, 107–108, 116–117. Written after Aurangzeb’s death using court records. Attributes commands and reports completed acts; each statement needs its own locator. A report date is not automatically the day a temple was demolished.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
National Monuments Authority: Bijamandal, Bhilsa heritage by-laws ↗ · National Monuments Authority: Bijamandal Text consulted
Sections 3.1–3.4 read. Records a former Paramara temple, reused carved members, excavated fragments and a mosque said to be built by Aurangzeb. This does not by itself date the temple’s destruction or establish its destroyer.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Richard M. Eaton, Temple Desecration and Indo-Muslim States: table and bibliography ↗ · Richard M. Eaton / Frontline Text consulted
Selected-episode table and bibliography read. Table entries are episodes at places, not a census of unique temple buildings. Underlying edition access is recorded separately.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Multan: city location ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
City coordinates read through Firecrawl. Used only for a rounded city-level marker, not the unknown historical Sun Temple footprint.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Multan Sun Temple — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Historical great temple at Khandela — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article text consulted through Jina Reader. Underlying references are inventoried separately; listing a work does not mean it was read. Event attributions based only on this secondary account are labelled attributed.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
G. Yazdani, Some Muslim Inscriptions from the Madras Presidency and Orissa ↗ · ASI Text consulted
Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica 1937–38, pp. 52–54, including p. 53 note 2. Original OCR checked against the independently retrieved text. Weathered marginal inscription; completion date is not a demolition day.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
J. N. Sarkar, The Life of Mir Jumla ↗ · J. N. Sarkar Text consulted
Selected printed pp. 86, 91 note 43, 311–312. Follows the Poonamallee inscription and distinguishes pillage at Dewalgaon from occupation elsewhere.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Elliot and Dowson, History of India, volume II ↗ · Elliot and Dowson Text consulted
Utbi extract pp. 40–41; chronological discussion pp. 450–454. Translation and editorial reconstruction, not direct reading of the Persian or Arabic originals.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
ASI Annual Report 1907–08: Excavations at Saheth-Maheth ↗ · Archaeological Survey of India Text consulted
Printed pp. 113–116, Sobhnath section. Original OCR consulted. The conquest attribution on p. 114 cites a ballad recorded by Hoey; the report is not contemporary testimony to the attack.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Henry Cousens, The Chalukyan Architecture of the Kanarese Districts ↗ · Archaeological Survey of India Text consulted
Printed pp. 94–96. Physical description and Firishta quotation read. The proposed 1406 episode is qualified as probable. The accessed OCR reads Haidar Ali/1797, a problematic combination not used as event evidence; the printed numeral was not visually collated.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Firishta, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Briggs translation, volume II ↗ · Firishta / John Briggs Text consulted
Printed pp. 305–308. Retrospective court history. The ruler called Mahomed Shah Bahmuny II here is the late-fifteenth-century ruler generally numbered Muhammad III Lashkari today.
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Firishta, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Briggs translation, volume III ↗ · Firishta / John Briggs Text consulted
Printed pp. 82–84, Bankapur campaign. Chronicle narrative checked; not a measured inventory of destroyed fabric.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Firishta, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Briggs translation, volume IV ↗ · Firishta / John Briggs Text consulted
Jugut/Bet episode, printed p. 36 of this edition. Pagination differs from the edition cited by Commissariat.
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M. S. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, volume I ↗ · M. S. Commissariat Text consulted
Printed pp. 173–175 read, with notes leading to Firishta IV, Bayley and the Arabic History. These are related accounts, not three independent eyewitnesses.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
G. Yazdani, Annual Report of the Nizam’s Archaeological Department, 1914–15 ↗ · Nizam’s Archaeological Department Text consulted
Published 1916; printed pp. 3–4 read. Early interpretation of temple identity, conversion and loose inscriptions. Later scholarship contests the ruler attribution.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Richard M. Eaton, Muhammad bin Tughluq and Temples of the Deccan, 1321–26 ↗ · Metropolitan Museum of Art Text consulted
Sultans of the South (2011), printed pp. 180–187 visually read in the publisher PDF, including note 9 on the loose Bodhan inscriptions. Firecrawl rejected the 80 MB PDF; publisher download and rendered pages were used.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Jonaraja, Kings of Kashmira, J. C. Dutt translation, second series ↗ · J. C. Dutt Text consulted
Printed pp. 59–60 read. Court chronicle names images and Sikandar/Suhabhatta; it does not measure destruction at each surviving ruin or securely locate every named shrine.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Earlier temple recorded at Poonamallee — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Chakrasvamin shrine, historical Thanesar — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Shobhnath Jain temple remains, Shravasti — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Nagareshvara / Arvattukambhada Temple, Bankapur — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Historical temple in Kondapalli fort — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Dwarkadhish Temple, Dwarka — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Earlier temple at Deval Masjid, Bodhan — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Amaravati stupa remains — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Kanaganahalli stupa remains — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Lalitgiri Buddhist temple remains — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search
Ruined Gupta temple, Udayagiri — Wikipedia article and bibliography ↗ · Wikipedia contributors Text consulted
Article consulted for identity, location and stated condition; retrieval method: Firecrawl rendering of public Wikipedia. Captured bibliography entries are not all read.
Wikipedia reference trail or independent source search

History, withits footnotes.